ARTICLE 370

Rithickkannan SRithickkannan SStoryRecent2 min read




ARTICLE 370: HISTORICAL CONTEXT, ABROGATION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL IMPACT

Comprehensive Legal and Historical Analysis of Jammu & Kashmir's Accession and Integration
This article offers an in-depth analysis of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, detailing its journey from its origins in the 19th-century Treaty of Amritsar to its abrogation on August 5, 2019. It reviews key milestones, including Gulab Singh’s appointment as Raja of Jammu by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1822, the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar with the British, and Maharaja Hari Singh’s accession of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947. The study also explores the development of special privileges through the 1952 Delhi Agreement and Article 35A, the legal changes following the 2019 reorganization, and the Supreme Court’s unanimous verdict upholding the abrogation to reinforce national integration
Prior to independence, India was a complex mix of British-governed provinces and over 550 autonomous princely states. After British rule ended in 1947, the new nation began integrating these territories into a single Union. While most states joined smoothly, three—Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Jammu & Kashmir—held back initially. Hyderabad was later integrated through a military operation (Operation Polo), and Junagadh joined after a public referendum. Jammu & Kashmir took a different path, leading to a unique and temporary status within India's federal structure. 
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