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Protected cultivation by Shree gowardhan.T

Protected cultivation is an agricultural method where crops are grown inside controlled or partially controlled microclimates using structures like poly houses, net houses, and tunnels to shield them from adverse weather, pests, and diseases.

The common structures used in protected cultivation are:

*Poly houses: Covered with UV-stabilized polyethylene films to trap heat and regulate temperature.

*Shade Net Houses: Simple frames draped with UV shade nets (25% to 75% shade) to lower light intensity and temperature.

*Low and Walk-in Tunnels: Temporary or semi-permanent hoop structures used for early-stage crop protection and off-season nurseries.

*Glass Greenhouses: High-precision, durable structures for active climate control and commercial export-grade production.

*Mist chamber : It is an enclosed, humid structure that uses high-pressure nozzles to spray fine water droplets, helping plant cuttings grow roots.

STATUS OF PROTECTED CULTIVATION:

Greenhouse crop production is now a growing reality throughout the world with an estimated

405,000 ha of greenhouses spread over all the continents. There are more than 55 countries

now in the world where cultivation of crops is undertaken on a commercial scale under cover,

and it is continuously growing at a fast rate internationally.

It has more useful in horticulture crops like Capsicum, Cucumber, Rose, Gerbera , Carnation, Strawberry and high value crops.

Central and State scheme for Protected cultivation:

(Major Central Government) *Schemes Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) / National Horticulture Mission (NHM): Covers 40% to 50% of the construction cost for general farmers (and up to 55–60% for small, marginal, or women farmers) for structures like polyhouses, shade nets, and plastic tunnels. Typically limited to a maximum of 4,000 square meters per beneficiary

*National Horticulture Board (NHB) Scheme: Focuses on commercial horticulture projects under protected cover for larger setups (generally above 2,500 square meters). It provides credit-linked back-ended subsidies for infrastructure, planting materials, and irrigation systems.

*Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): Provides interest subvention of 3% per year on loans up to ₹2 crore for agricultural infrastructure projects, which can be combined with NHB or NHM subsidies.

(State government schemes):

*State Horticulture Missions: Individual states (such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Rajasthan) offer supplementary state-level subsidies that can further reduce the initial capital burden.

*NABARD: Facilitates credit-linked backing by helping farmers secure bank loans aligned with central and state subsidy schemes.